Dynamic Monarchianism
In one sentence
An anti-Trinitarian model in which Jesus is viewed as a man uniquely empowered by God.
In simple terms
Jesus is understood as a genuine man uniquely empowered by God, but not as the eternal divine Son of one essence with the Father.
Biblical truth
The New Testament emphasizes Jesus’ true humanity while also speaking of his preexistence and divine status.
Key Scriptures
John 1:1–3 · John 8:58 · Phil. 2:5–11 · Col. 1:15–17 · Heb. 1:1–12
Example
Jesus’ baptism may be understood as a moment of special divine empowerment rather than the manifestation of the eternal Son.
Who holds it
Historically associated with Theodotus of Byzantium, Paul of Samosata, and related early models.
Opposing view
Trinitarianism
Not to be confused with
Not to be confused with affirming Jesus’ Spirit-anointed human ministry within classical Christology.
History
It appeared in the second and third centuries as one way of preserving strict monotheism.
Main point of debate
The dispute is whether Jesus is the eternal Son who became human or a human whom God empowered and exalted.